Javascript required
Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
Home / Best Distribution of Heat Is Doors Open in the House

Best Distribution of Heat Is Doors Open in the House

The chief purposes of a Heating, Ventilation and Ac (HVAC) system are to help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort. HVAC systems are amid the largest energy consumers in schools. The choice and design of the HVAC system tin can also affect many other high operation goals, including h2o consumption (water cooled air conditioning equipment) and acoustics.

The following actions detail how engineers can pattern a quality system that is cost-competitive with traditional ventilation designs, while successfully providing an advisable quantity and quality of outdoor air, lower energy costs and easier maintenance.

On this folio:

  • Codes and Standards
  • Potential for Natural Ventilation and Operable Windows
  • Option of HVAC Equipment
    • Energy Recovery Ventilation
  • Location of Outdoor Air Intakes and Frazzle
  • Outdoor Air Quantity
  • Air Filtration
    • Filter Efficiency
    • Pressure Drop
    • Monitoring Pressure
    • Air Cleaning for Gaseous Contaminants
  • Ventilation Controls
    • Book Monitoring and Command
  • Wet and Humidity Command
  • Air Distribution
    • Types of Air Distribution
  • Exhaust Air
  • Designing for Efficient Operations and Maintenance
  • Commissioning
  • References and Resources

Codes and Standards

The national consensus standard for outside air ventilation is ASHRAE Standard 62.i-2010, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and its published Addenda. This standard is often incorporated into state and local edifice codes and specifies the amounts of exterior air that must be provided by natural or mechanical ventilation systems to various areas of the school, including classrooms, gymnasiums, kitchens and other special use areas.

Many state codes also specify minimum free energy efficiency requirements, ventilation controls, pipe and duct insulation and sealing and system sizing, amongst other factors. In improver, some states and localities take established ventilation and/or other indoor air quality related requirements that must also be followed.

  • Design in accordance with ASHRAE standards Design systems to provide outdoor air ventilation in accord with ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 and thermal comfort in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 55–1992 (with 1995 Addenda) Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
  • Ensure familiarity with and adherence to, all state and local edifice codes and standards.

Standards are available at ASHRAE

Potential for Natural Ventilation and Operable Windows

In some parts of the country, where temperature and humidity levels allow, natural ventilation through operable windows can exist an effective and energy-efficient way to supplement HVAC systems to provide outside air ventilation, cooling and thermal condolement when atmospheric condition permit (e.g., temperature, humidity, outdoor air pollution levels, atmospheric precipitation). Windows that open up and close tin enhance occupants' sense of well-being and feeling of command over their environment. They tin too provide supplemental exhaust ventilation during renovation activities that may introduce pollutants into the infinite.

However, sealed buildings with appropriately designed and operated HVAC systems can oftentimes provide better indoor air quality than a edifice with operable windows. Uncontrolled ventilation with outdoor air can allow outdoor air contaminants to featherbed filters, potentially disrupt the balance of the mechanical ventilation equipment and let the introduction of excess moisture if access is not controlled.

Strategies using natural ventilation include wind driven cross-ventilation and stack ventilation that employs the divergence in air densities to provide air move across a space. Both types of natural ventilation require careful technology to ensure convective flows. The proper sizing and placement of openings is critical and the period of air from entry to go out must not be obstructed (e.k., by airtight perimeter rooms).

  • Designers should consider the utilise of natural ventilation and operable windows to supplement mechanical ventilation. Consider outdoor sources of pollutants (including edifice exhausts and vehicle traffic) and dissonance when determining if and where to provide operable windows.
  • If operable windows will be used to supplement the HVAC organisation, ensure that:
    • openings for outdoor air are located between 3-6 feet from the flooring (head height);
    • the windows are adjustable and tin shut tightly and securely;
    • the windows are placed to have maximum advantage of wind direction, with openings on contrary sides of the edifice to maximize cross-ventilation.

Option of HVAC Equipment

In near parts of the country, climatic atmospheric condition require that outdoor air must exist heated and cooled to provide acceptable thermal comfort for edifice occupants, requiring the addition of HVAC systems. The choice of equipment for heating, cooling and ventilating the schoolhouse building is a complex design decision that must balance a keen many factors, including:

  • heating and cooling needs
  • energy efficiency
  • humidity control
  • potential for natural ventilation
  • adherence to codes and standards
  • outdoor air quantity and quality
  • indoor air quality
  • cost

Where feasible, use central HVAC air treatment units (AHUs) that serve multiple rooms in lieu of unit of measurement ventilators or individual heat pumps. Although there are many unlike types of air handling units, for full general IAQ implications in schools, air handling units tin can be divided into two groups: unit ventilators and individual heat pump units that serve a unmarried room without ducts; and primal air handling units that serve several rooms via duct work.

Unit ventilators and heat pumps have the reward of reduced floor space requirements and they practice not recirculate air betwixt rooms. However, information technology is more hard to assure proper maintenance of multiple units over fourth dimension and they present additional opportunities for moisture problems through the wall penetration and from bleed pan and discharge problems. Central air handling units have a number of advantages as compared to unit ventilators and heat pumps serving private rooms. They are:

  • Quieter and therefore more than likely to exist turned on or left on past teachers and staff;
  • Less drafty due to multiple supplies and a return that is away from occupants;
  • Better at controlling humidity and condensed wet drainage;
  • Easier to maintain due to reduced number of components and few units to admission;
  • More infinite effectually units and can be accessed without interfering with class activities;
  • Infinite for higher efficiency air filters and more surface surface area;
  • Made of heavier duty components;
  • Less likely to have quantity of outdoor air supply inadvertently reduced.

Specify the following features for all air handling units:

Double-sloped bleed pan and drain trap depth

  • Double-sloped drain pan - A double-sloped pan prevents water from standing and stagnating in the pan.
  • Non-corroding drain pan - Fabricated from stainless steel or plastic. Prevents corrosion that would cause water to leak inside the AHU.
  • Easy access doors - All admission doors are hinged and use quick release latches that do not require tools to open. Like shooting fish in a barrel access to filters, drain pans and cooling coils is imperative.
  • Double wall cabinet - The inner wall protects the insulation from moisture and mechanical damage, increases audio dampening and is easier to clean.
  • Tightly sealed chiffonier - Small yet continuous air leaks in and out of the AHU cabinet can touch IAQ and free energy. The greatest pressure level differentials driving leaks occur at the AHU.
  • Double wall doors with gaskets - Double wall doors provide better thermal and acoustic insulation and will remain flatter, assuasive a better seal confronting door frame gaskets
  • Minimum two inch thick filter slots - For better protection of the indoor environment, besides as the equipment and ducts, the filters slots should be able to accommodate ii in. or thicker filters.
  • Extended surface area filter banking company - To reduce the frequency of filter maintenance and the cost of fan energy, the bank is designed to let more filter area, such as the deep Five approach or bags.
  • Air filter assemblies (racks & housings) designed for minimum leakage - The filter banking concern should have gaskets and sealants at all points where air could easily bypass the air filters, such as between the filter rack and the access door. Use properly gasketed manufacturer supplied filter rack spacers.
  • Air filter monitor - A differential pressure level gauge to indicate the static force per unit area drop across the filter bank. This characteristic could hands be installed as an option in the field.
  • Corrosion resistant dampers & links - All moving parts such as pivot pins, damper actuators and linkages are able to withstand atmospheric condition and moisture-induced corrosion for the full life of the organization

Energy Recovery Ventilation

Consider specifying energy recovery ventilation equipment.

Indoor air can exist 2 to v times more polluted than outdoor air; therefore, about HVAC system designers understand that increased amounts of outdoor air supply is generally amend for IAQ. Nevertheless there are concerns over the implications that this added amount of outdoor air supply has on the first cost and operating cost of the HVAC system, as well as wet control for the school (also wet or too dry).

Every bit a result, school designers oftentimes endeavour to reduce the amount of outdoor air equal to — or fifty-fifty below — 15 cubic feet per minute (cfm) of outside air per person, the minimum for school classrooms, as established by the American Guild of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -workout Engineers (ASHRAE) ASHRAE. In many parts of the country these concerns tin can easily be addressed by application of basic engineering principles and off-the-shelf HVAC equipment.

Get-go price, energy costs and wet control do not have to be at odds with good IAQ. Free energy recovery ventilation equipment tin make the negative implications of xv cfm per person of outdoor air behave like 5 cfm, while retaining the IAQ advantage of 15 cfm. This arroyo has been proven in many schools in various regions e of the Rockies, where avant-garde HVAC systems toll roughly the same as conventional systems, nevertheless provide significant operating cost savings and IAQ advantages.

Location of Outdoor Air Intakes and Exhaust

Sloped Intake Plenum and Attainable Intake Screen

  • Proper location of outdoor air intakes tin can minimize the blockage of airflow and intake of contaminated air. The bottom of air intakes should be at least 8 inches above horizontal surfaces (generally the ground or the roof) to prevent blockage from leaves or snowfall. In northern locations, more separation may exist needed due to greater snow depths or drifting snowfall.
  • Intakes should not be placed within 25 feet of any potential sources of air contaminants, including sewer vents, exhaust air from the schoolhouse, loading docks, bus loading areas, garbage receptacles, boiler or generator exhausts and mist from cooling towers. If the source is large or contains strong contaminants, or if there is a dominant current of air direction in the area, the minimum separation altitude may need to be increased. Air admittance valves, an inexpensive and lawmaking-approved one-fashion air valve, can be added to sewer vents to eliminate the potential for release of gases into the surrounding air.
  • Grilles protecting air intakes should be bird- and rodent-proofed to prevent perching, roosting and nesting. Waste material from birds and other pests (e.g., rats) tin can disrupt proper operation of the HVAC system, promote microbial growth and cause homo disease. The use of outdoor air intake grilles with vertical louvers, as opposed to horizontal louvers, will reduce the potential for roosting.
  • Intake Screens must be accessible for inspection and cleaning. In existing schools, an insufficient corporeality of ventilation air is oft the result of clogged intake screens that are inaccessible for inspection and cleaning. Screens subconscious past an intake grille should be designed with a grille that is easily opened, such every bit a hinged grille with two quick-release latches, or in the worst case, a grille with four ane-quarter turn fasteners. All screens should be hands removable for cleaning.
  • Consider adding a section of sloped intake plenum that causes moisture to flow to the outside or to a drain if intake grilles are not designed to completely eliminate the intake of pelting or snow.

Outdoor Air Quantity

Classrooms and other school spaces must exist ventilated to remove odors and other pollutants.

  • The national consensus standard for outside air ventilation is ASHRAE Standard 62.ane-2001, available at ASHRAE

If exterior air is provided through a mechanical arrangement, then at least 15 cubic feet per minute (cfm) of exterior air must be provided for each occupant. A typical classroom with thirty people requires a minimum of fifteen x 30 or 450 cfm of outside air.

In spaces where the number of occupants is highly variable such as gyms, auditoriums and multipurpose spaces, demand controlled ventilation (DCV) systems can be used to vary the quantity of outside air ventilation in these spaces in response to the number of occupants. One technique for doing this is to install carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors that measure out concentrations and vary the volume of outside air appropriately.

If an auditorium fills up for school assembly, then CO2 concentrations will increment, a signal will be provided to the HVAC system and outside air volumes will be increased accordingly. When the spaces served by an air handler have highly variable occupancy, this type of control can both salve free energy and aid command wet (and mold) past reducing the quantity of humid outside air when it is not needed for ventilation. COii and other sensors must be periodically calibrated and maintained.

Air Filtration

In addition to "atmospheric dust," airborne particulates can include pollen, mold (fungal) spores, animal dander, insect proteins, pesticides, lead and infectious bacteria and viruses. Designers can integrate features into the ventilation organisation that will provide benefits for the schoolhouse occupants as well as the efficiency and longevity of the HVAC system. In add-on, these features can reduce the need for expensive cleaning of the duct piece of work and air handling units.

Filter Efficiency

  • Air filters should accept a dust-spot rating between 35% and 80% or a Minimum Efficiency Rating Value (MERV) of betwixt 8 and 13. The higher the rating, the better the protection for the equipment and the occupants. It has been estimated that a 30% increase in static pressure level across a scroll results in a $200 per x,000 cfm of air move (at 7 cents per KWH). This does not include the added cost of cleaning dirty heating or cooling oils, drain pans, or air ducts. Designers should consider specifying a low efficiency (~10%) pre-filter upstream of the main filters. The pre-filters are by and large easy and cheap to change and will capture a significant corporeality of the particulate mass in the air thereby extending the useful life of the more expensive principal filters.
    • See ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 Method of Testing Full general Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size available at ASHRAE

Pressure Drop

  • Pattern more filter surface expanse into ventilation systems. This has ii advantages: the number of filter changes each twelvemonth is reduced, thereby reducing the cost of labor to properly maintain the filters; and static pressure loss is lower, which saves money by reducing the corporeality of ability needed to operate fans and blowers. Since unlike filter media are approximately proportional in their efficiency/pressure drib ratio, the nearly effective method for reducing pressure level drop is to design more filter surface surface area into the filter arrangement. This can exist done by the specification of a filter with larger amounts of surface area, such as a pleated filter or bag filter. The side by side method is to increase the number and/or size of the filters in the airstream, for example, past mounting the filter slots in a "V" pattern, rather than a filter rack that is simply flat and perpendicular to the airstream.

Monitoring Force per unit area

  • Consider installing a simple pressure level differential judge across all filter banks. This will foreclose school facilities personnel from having to guess whether the filter is ready for replacement. A gauge with a range of zero to 1.0 in. westward.1000. can save money and the surround past preventing premature disposal of filters that even so have useful life and can prevent health and maintenance problems caused by overloaded filters that have blown out. The judge should be easily visible from a standing position in an easily accessed location nigh the air handling unit.

Air Cleaning for Gaseous Contaminants

The most effective means of reducing exposure of occupants to gases and VOCs is to manage and control potential pollution sources. Filters are available to remove gases and volatile organic contaminants from ventilation air; however, because of toll and maintenance requirements, these systems are not more often than not used in normal occupancy buildings or schools. In specially designed HVAC systems, permanganate oxidizers and activated charcoal may be used for gaseous removal filters.

Some manufacturers offer "partial bypass" carbon filters and carbon impregnated filters to reduce volatile organics in the ventilation air of function environments. Gaseous filters must be regularly maintained (replaced or regenerated) in social club for the system to keep to operate effectively.

  • Encounter likewise "Residential Air Cleaners (2nd Edition): A Summary of Bachelor Information."

Ventilation Controls

Although a typical HVAC system has many controls, the command of outdoor air quantity that enters the building can have a significant impact on IAQ, notwithstanding typically is not part of standard practice. Need controlled ventilation is addressed as a method of humidity control, but is non otherwise discussed here because its primary apply is to reduce the supply of outdoor air below the recommended minimum for the purposes of saving energy, not for improving IAQ.

  • Come across more most Humidity Control

Volume Monitoring and Control

Supplying acceptable quantities of outdoor air to occupied spaces is a critical component of good indoor air quality. Yet nearly all schoolhouse ventilation systems cannot indicate whether outdoor air is even beingness supplied to the school, much less gauge the quantity of that air. Virtually all existing school ventilation systems rely upon a fixed damper to regulate the amount of outdoor air.

Yet wind, stack effect, unbalanced supply and render fans and constantly irresolute variable air volume (VAV) systems tin can cause significant under- or over-ventilation, which can affect IAQ and free energy costs. Combinations of these effects tin can even cause the intake system to actually exhaust air.

  • Specify the addition of a measuring station that actively controls the amount of outdoor airflow past modulating the outdoor air damper and the render (recirculation) damper, if needed to overcome wind and stack furnishings. These measuring stations are designed to piece of work in limited duct infinite and with low air velocities. This is an easy job, as some manufacturers offer their airflow measuring stations in separate packages with dampers and actuators and others are built into the AHU at the factory.

Moisture and Humidity Control

Uncontrolled wet indoors can cause major damage to the edifice construction, also as to effects and to stop materials similar floors, walls and ceilings. Uncontrolled moisture can trigger mold growth which not just damages the school facility, simply can pb to health and functioning bug for students and staff.

Primary causes of indoor moisture problems in new schools include:

  • Use of building materials that were repeatedly or deeply wetted before the edifice was fully enclosed
  • Poor command of rain and snowfall, resulting in roof and flashing leaks
  • Moisture or clammy construction cavities
  • Moisture-laden outdoor air inbound the edifice
  • Condensation on cool surfaces

Decision-making moisture entry into buildings and preventing condensation are critical in protecting buildings from mold and other moisture-related problems, including harm to building components.

  • Visit the Wet Control folio for more moisture information.

Air Distribution and Duct Insulation

Dirt and wet should not exist present in duct systems and must be controlled to foreclose mold growth. However, it is not e'er possible to assure that ducts remain dirt and moisture free. In many existing schools, sail metallic ducts, as well as those constructed of or lined with insulation products, are often contaminated with mold because dirt and moisture found their way into the system.

Duct lath and duct liner are widely used in duct systems because of their fantabulous acoustic, thermal and condensation control backdrop. If the HVAC system is properly designed, fabricated, installed, operated and maintained, these duct systems pose no greater risk of mold growth than duct systems made of sheet metal or whatever other materials.

However, the very properties that make duct board and duct liner superior insulators (due east.1000., a fibrous structure with large surface expanse that creates insulating air pockets), besides makes them capable of trapping and retaining moisture if they do get wet (though the fibers themselves do not blot moisture).

While there is an ongoing argue nigh the wisdom of using insulation materials in duct systems that might retain moisture longer, all sides concord that extraordinary attention to preventing moisture contagion of the duct work should be the primary strategy for preventing mold growth. See ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda 62t and 62w, Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

As a secondary strategy, designers should consider methods of reducing the potential for time to come problems to occur due to unforeseen moisture contagion by investigating insulation products now on the market that minimize the potential for moisture to penetrate the insulation material. These include foil vapor retarders, tightly bonded non-woven vapor retarders, butt or shiplap edges and other techniques that take been developed by insulation manufacturers to address concerns nigh moisture.

  • Pay special attending to preventing moisture from entering duct work. Preventing moisture from entering duct work is critical to preventing mold bug in all types of ducts. Moisture in ducts is normally due to penetration of precipitation through inlet louvers, excess moisture in outdoor air, or condensation droplets from cooling coils that are not properly drained or ducts that are not properly sealed. Nether certain circumstances, when exceeding recommended maximum cooling whorl face up velocity, water droplets can escape cooling coils and exist carried into the air stream, saturating whatsoever dirt or dust downstream. Because dust and dirt serve equally a food source for mold and are usually present in all only make new duct systems, mold will abound on any duct surface that remains wet.
  • If specifying duct lath or internal duct lining for thermal and/or acoustical control, exist certain to consider the potential for uncontrolled moisture to enter the duct over the life of the system. Select products that will minimize the potential for moisture retentivity in the issue of unforeseen contamination of the duct system, such as those with properties that reduce the potential for moisture to penetrate the air stream surface. Ensure that all duct systems are properly fabricated and installed.
  • Degrease sheet metallic air ducts. The sheet steel used to brand ducts has a thin petroleum or fish oil coating primarily intended to inhibit corrosion during transportation and storage of the steel. This coating may trap dirt particles, some people find the odor objectionable and in that location are concerns that the emissions from the blanket could affect individuals with asthma or allergies. 1 solution is to remove the blanket from the duct using a balmy cleaning agent, such as a household dishwashing liquid, in conjunction with a heated high-pressure level sprayer.
  • Seal air ducts to foreclose HVAC organization air leakage. In addition to significant energy losses, air leakage from HVAC ducts and air handling units crusade significant IAQ problems due to unexpected airflow between indoors and outdoors and between areas within the school. Air leakage from supply or return duct work contributes to the condensation of humid air in building cavities and/or on the neighboring surfaces. Air leakage tin can be especially problematic for ducts or AHUs that are located exterior the conditioned spaces. The main goals for the designer are to continue all air ducts within the conditioned space and to specify that the joints and seams of all ducts, including return ducts, are sealed using an appropriate textile.

Types of Air Distribution

Near all schools currently utilise the mixed-airflow method for distribution and dilution of the air within the occupied space. Designers should investigate a method called vertical deportation ventilation or thermal displacement ventilation. This approach successfully uses natural convection forces to reduce fan energy and carefully elevator air contaminants up and abroad from the breathing zone.

Exhaust Air

Quick removal of concentrated air contaminants and building pressurization are two ways that frazzle systems affect IAQ. Special use areas such as science labs, vocational/technical shops, cafeterias and indoor pools already take well established regulatory codes regarding ventilation with outdoor air and negative force per unit area requirements with respect to next spaces. Less well recognized areas in schools where special exhaust ventilation is desirable are janitor closets, copy/piece of work rooms and arts/crafts grooming areas where off-gasing from significant quantities of materials or products may occur. These areas should be maintained under negative pressure relative to side by side spaces.

  • Provide frazzle ventilation for janitor's closets. If housekeeping and maintenance supplies are properly stored in janitor closets, only enough air need be exhausted to place the closet nether negative pressure level relative to surrounding rooms. As long as air does not easily leak into or from the closet through openings such as plenums or utility chases, 10 CFM of air wearied from the room will typically make it negative and prevent the buildup of air pollutants.
  • Provide frazzle ventilation for copy/work rooms. In add-on to the code-required amount of outdoor air being supplied to this room for general ventilation, information technology is desirable to decide what types of equipment and activities the school plans for this room and to supply special exhaust ventilation for concentrated pollutant sources. Two examples of sources are copy machines and work areas for adhesives.
    Most copier manufacturers can provide an optional vent kit, which is usually a simple plastic plumbing fixtures, that allows a piece of three" or 4" diameter flexible duct to exist connected between the copier and an exhaust fan. This captures much of the rut, particles, ozone and other pollutants and exhausts them outdoors before they can spread throughout the workroom. A small frazzle hood over a piece of work surface, similar to a smoke hood in a science lab, would also exist helpful to reduce exposure when adhesives, sprays, paints and solvents are being used in the workroom.
  • Provide exhaust ventilation for craft training areas where off-gassing from pregnant quantities of materials or products may occur.
  • Consider specifying a differential pressure monitor to monitor building pressurization. IAQ problems are often traced to improper pressurization, which causes unexpected airflow between indoors and outdoors and between areas within the school. To reduce introduction of unconditioned moist air and pollutants from outdoors, the building should exist designed to operate betwixt zero and 0.03 in. w.thousand. (0 to 7 Pa) positive, relative to outdoors.
  • Do not operate exhaust systems when the HVAC arrangement is turned off to avert bringing in unconditioned moist air that may condense on cooler indoor surfaces.

Designing for Efficient Operations and Maintenance

  • Ensure that all system components, including air handling units, controls and frazzle fans are easily accessible.

To help ensure that proper functioning and maintenance of HVAC system components will exist performed, information technology is critical that the designer makes the components easily attainable. AHUs, controls and exhaust fans should not require a ladder, the removal of ceiling tiles, or crawling to proceeds admission. Rooftop equipment should be accessible by mode of stairs and a full-sized door, not a fixed ladder and a hatch.

  • Label HVAC system components to facilitate operations and maintenance.

Labeling of HVAC components is an cheap and constructive method for helping facilities personnel properly operate and maintain the HVAC systems. The labels should be easy to read when standing next to the equipment and durable to match the life of the equipment to which they are attached. At a minimum, the following components should exist labeled in each ventilation zone of the school and should correspond with the HVAC diagrams and drawings. "AHU" refers to any air handling unit that is associated with outdoor air supply.

checkmark

The number or name of the AHU (e.g., AHU ##, or AHU for Westward Wing)

checkmark

The outdoor air (OA), supply air (SA), return air (RA) and exhaust or relief air (EA) connections to the AHU, each with arrows noting proper airflow direction

checkmark

The access door(due south) for the air filters and the minimum filter dust-spot (or MERV) efficiency (Air Filters, minimum xx% dust spot efficiency)

checkmark

The filter pressure guess and the recommended filter modify pressure level (Filter Force per unit area, max 0.x in. west.chiliad.)

checkmark

The admission door(s) for the condensate drain pan (Drain Pan)

checkmark

Other pertinent access doors such as to energy recovery ventilation wheels or plates (Energy Recovery Ventilation Unit)

checkmark

The minimum amount of outdoor air for each AHU (### CFM minimum during occupied times)

checkmark

The outdoor air damper (OA Damper), with special marks noting when the damper is in the fully closed (Closed), fully opened (open up) and minimum designed position (Min)

checkmark

If a motorized relief damper is installed (EA Damper), note the same positions as in a higher place.

checkmark

The access door to any outdoor air controls (OA Command(southward)) such as damper position adjustments, outdoor airflow measuring stations, resets, fuses and switches)

checkmark

Breakers for exhaust fans (Exhaust Fan ##), AHU, unit ventilators

checkmark

Admission doors for inspection and maintenance of air ducts

checkmark

Any dampers and controls for air side economizers (as appropriate)

checkmark

The number or proper noun of all exhaust fans, including the air quantity exhausted (EF##, ###CFM)

Commissioning

Edifice commissioning is a quality assurance program that is intended to evidence that the building is constructed and performs as designed.

  • More data on commissioning HVAC and other building systems

Committee key edifice systems.

  • Engage a commissioning amanuensis (the person responsible for implementing the commissioning plan) during the schematic blueprint phase or earlier. The agent may exist a fellow member of the pattern team, an independent contractor, or a member of the school district staff;
  • Collect and review documentation on the design intent;
  • Make sure commissioning requirements are included in the structure documents;
  • Write a commissioning program and utilize it throughout design and construction;
  • Verify installation and functional performance of systems;
  • Document results and develop a commissioning study.

References and Resources

  • IAQ Tools for Schools Activeness Kit EPA certificate 402-K-07-008, January 2009
  • Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers EPA document # 402-F-91-102, Dec 1991
  • Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in Schools Businesses : Energy STAR
  • Loftier Performance Building Guidelines (PDF)(146 pp, 2.two MB, About PDF), April, 1997, city of New York, Department of Design and Structure
  • Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS): CHPS has developed a all-time practices manual to assist schools, districts and practitioners to accomplish high operation blueprint, structure and operation
  • Humidity Control Pattern Guide for Commercial and Institutional Buildings. Harriman, Brundrett and Kittler. American Guild of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers. ISBN 1-883413-98-2.
  • The Sheet Metal and Air-conditioning Contractor'due south National Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Nether Structure

?

wagstaffjobill.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/heating-ventilation-and-air-conditioning-systems-part-indoor-air-quality-design-tools